| 摘要: |
| 南极对人类发展进程具有十分重要的意义，是国家拓展生存空间和维护国家利益的战略要地。目前，人类在南极的活动以科学考察为主，其特点是以科学研究为中心、活动频次受诸多因素影响等。有关考察活动的管理制度涉及国际规制和国内规制两个层次。国际规制设定法律框架，国内规制细化各项制度。通过分析各国开展南极考察的国家实践，总结其在考察主管部门、资金来源、设施设备和考察成果管理等方面的特点，可为我国南极考察管理制度提供有益经验，包括加快南极立法、明确考察统筹部门、丰富考察资金来源、加大考察投入力度、完善成果管理制度等，以不断推进我国的南极事业发展。 |
| 关键词: 南极条约 南极考察 南极活动 管理制度 国内规制 国际规制 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家海洋局极地考察办公室“各国南极考察活动及其管理制度比较研究”课题 |
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| Comparative Study on the Management Systems of Antarctic Exploration by Parties of the Antarctic Treaty |
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Wu Hui & Niu Yuyan
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| Abstract: |
| Antarctica is of great significance to the progress of human development, serving as a strategic location for the national expansion of living space and national interests. Currently, human activities in Antarctica are primarily scientific expeditions, characterized by being centered on scientific research and influenced by various factors. The management system for expeditions involves two levels: international and domestic regulations. International regulations set the legal framework, while domestic regulations detail various systems. By analyzing the national practices of various countries in conducting Antarctic expeditions, this paper summarizes the characteristics of their management departments, funding sources, facilities and equipment, and management of expedition outcomes. It aims to provide valuable experience for China's Antarctic expedition management system, including accelerating Antarctic legislation, clarifying the coordinating departments for expeditions, diversifying funding sources, increasing investment in expeditions, and improving outcome management systems, to continuously promote the development of China's Antarctic endeavors. |
| Key words: Antarctic Treaty, Antarctic Exploration, Antarctic Activities, Management System, Domestic Regulation, International Regulation |
