| 摘要: |
| 在我国《渔业法》修改中，迫切需要准确认定养殖权的用益物权的性质。虽然养殖权需要经由行政许可设立，但是养殖权是一项由《民法典》确认的独立用益物权类型。养殖权具备了用益物权的权利属性和特点。承认养殖权为用益物权，可以在此基础上构建完整的养殖权体系规则。将养殖权界定为用益物权，也有利于通过《民法典》有关物权保护的规则对渔民的权利提供保护。《渔业法》应当以《民法典》为基础，进行修订完善，按照用益物权属性完善养殖权制度，通过物权登记设立养殖权。明确养殖权作为物权的内容，通过物权的保护方法对养殖权人的权益进行保护。基于养殖权的用益物权性质，养殖权的设定、流转、征收、保护等均应当适用物权的一般规则。养殖权与海域使用权是两项不同的权利，二者之间存在联系，但也可能存在冲突。在发生冲突时，可以依据物权冲突的一般规则加以处理。 |
| 关键词: 养殖权 用益物权 海域使用权 渔业权 渔业法 |
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| 基金项目:2023年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国民法典实施中的重大疑难问题研究”（项目编号： 23&ZD152） |
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| The Structuralization of Aquaculture Rights Regime: Centering on Its Nature as Usufructuary Right |
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Wang Liming
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| Abstract: |
| The ongoing revision of China's Fisheries Law necessitates a recognition of aquaculture rights as usufructuary rights. Although the establishment of aquaculture rights requires administrative licensing, they constitute an independent category of usufructuary rights affirmed by the Civil Code. Aquaculture rights inherently possess the essential attributes and characteristics of usufructuary rights. Recognizing their usufructuary nature provides the doctrinal foundation for constructing a comprehensive regulatory framework for aquaculture rights. Recognizing aquaculture rights as usufructuary rights further enables the application of the Civil Code's property protection rules to safeguard fishers' legitimate interests. The Fisheries Law should align with the Civil Code by refining the aquaculture rights regime according to usufructuary principles, including establishing such rights through property registration. Clarifying the substantive content of aquaculture rights as real rights ensures their protection via property law remedies. Given their usufructuary character, the creation, transfer, expropriation, and protection of aquaculture rights should uniformly adhere to general property law rules. Notably, aquaculture rights and sea area use right are distinct yet interrelated legal rights. Potential conflicts between them must be resolved through general rules in property law. |
| Key words: Aquaculture Right, Usufructuary Right, Sea Area Use Right, Fishing Right, Fisheries Law |
