| 摘要: |
| 乾隆四年的雄县知县彭体仁隐匿灾情案，提出指控的左都御史索柱与随后调查的保定府知府倪象恺对灾情严重程度和知县隐瞒行为给出了两种截然不同的说法，而直隶总督孙嘉淦不得不从此中推断灾情真相，并据此进行妥帖处理。此案揭示了清代的“治官之官”可能遭遇的信息困境，在权力和信息不对称的科层制中，位于上级的官员虽然拥有更大的权力，却可能会迷失在下级精心打造的报告中，无从觅得真相。信息困境源于清代官僚组织对层层上报的常规信息渠道过分依赖，而对应的非常规的信息渠道难以提供及时而充足的信息。限于技术水平、官僚规模和财政成本，清政府只能依赖不充足的信息展开治理。这些有局限性的信息同时被用以对官员进行长时段监察，尽量保证被任命的官员适格，从而保障治理的水平。 |
| 关键词: 清代 官僚 信息 权力 |
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| The Difficult Pursuit of Facts： A Story of a False Report on Flood and an Impeachment for a Magistrate under the Qing |
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Huang Xinyu
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| Abstract: |
| In the case of Xiong County Magistrate Peng Tirens concealment of the disaster in the fourth year of the Qianlong reign， the Left Censor in chief Soju， who requested the investigation， and the Baoding Prefecture Ni Xiangkai， who subsequently conducted the investigation， gave two different narratives of the disaster and the concealment. From this， Governor Sun Jiagan had to deduce the facts about the disaster and act accordingly. This case reveals the information dilemma that the Qing dynastys ruling officials might encounter， as the asymmetry of power and information in the hierarchical system where officials at higher levels had more power but could get lost in the carefully crafted reports of their subordinates and had no way to find the truth. This information dilemma stems from the fact that the information transmission mechanism of Qing bureaucratic organizations relied too much on the conventional information channels reported at different levels， while the unconventional information channels could hardly provide sufficient corresponding information. |
| Key words: Qing, Bureaucrats, Information, Power |
