| 摘要: |
| 无论是《民法通则》时期,还是《民法总则》出台后,根据法律规定胎儿都是生活费请求权的权利主体,根据民事权利能力与民事诉讼主体资格有限分离或相统一的解释论,在生活费请求权之诉中胎儿都具有诉讼主体资格。胎儿生活费请求权是以出生为条件的给付请求权,从诉讼法的视角检视,胎儿未出生之前该权利还未现实地到来,如果依据现在给付之诉的诉讼形态实现胎儿的生活费,既会产生概念误用的问题也会因胎儿娩出时为死胎而产生的法效回复使被告为实现实体公正而陷入诉累,而让法院代管生活费的举措既不可行也与诉讼制度不契合。通过对将来给付之诉制度价值和可诉性要件及边界的推介,得出胎儿生活费请求权之诉当为依附性附条件的将来给付之诉,胎儿的生活费请求权及一次性纠纷解决为该诉的合法性基础。当然,将来给付之诉的实现路径需要通过对当事人提起诉讼的时间、方式、法院的审查要件、判决及执行等的重塑来实现;也需要债务人异议之诉及定期金变更判决之诉等保障其有效运行。 |
| 关键词: 生活费请求权 胎儿诉讼主体资格 将来给付之诉 |
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| Theory and Rationale of Actions for Prospect Performance: An Alternative Way to Claim Living Expense for Unborn Babies |
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Sui Luming
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| Abstract: |
| Whether it is “civil law” period, or “general principles of civil law”, according to the law, the fetus has right to claim for living expenses. No matter it is based on the limited separation of civil right capacity and the qualification of civil litigation or the unified interpretation theory, the fetus has litigant status for living expenses claim. Fetal living expenses claim is the right to request for payment in the condition of birth, from the view of procedural law, if fetus is unborn, the right for living expense is not real arrival, if using the current litigation to implement fetal living expenses, it can cause a misuse of the concept of problems and the defendant will fall into litigation exhaustion because of dead fetus, and let the court keep expenses is neither feasible nor fit with the litigation system. Through the introduction of the value and legality of the litigation system of future prestation, it is concluded that the claim for the right of living expenses of fetus should be a suit for future conditional payment with dependent conditions, and the right of living of the fetus and the settlement of the one time dispute shall be the legitimate basis of the lawsuit. Of course, the litigation way of action for future prestation needs to be realized through the reconstruction of the time, the way, the content, the review requirements, the judgement and execution of the court. |
| Key words: The Right of Living Expenses, Fetus Litigation Status, Action for Future Prestation |
