| 摘要: |
| 宪法学界提出了一种新的分类方法，即将基本权利划分为事实上形成的基本权利和法律上形成的基本权利，并主张婚姻属于法律上形成的基本权利。这种分类法来自耶里内克有关天然自由和法律自由的区分，虽具有一定新意，但它既不能解释我国的婚姻法实践，还具有理论上的固有缺陷。两性结合之所以被认定为婚姻，是因为他们的行为符合婚姻的“意义内涵”，而构成此种“意义内涵”的主要是伦理规范、民间习俗、文化传统等规范系列。法律的功能不在于婚姻的形成，而在于对婚姻提供保障。宪法上的婚姻自由因此具有“天然自由”的特征，这就提供了从宪法的角度对整个婚姻法律制度进行合宪性审查的可能。关键词 |
| 关键词: 婚姻自由 法律形成的基本权利 天然自由 法律自由 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Freedom of Marriage: A Natural Freedom or Legally Constructed Freedom? |
|
Du Qiangqiang
|
|
|
| Abstract: |
| A new classification has been proposed in constitutional academia, which divides fundamental rights into factually formed fundamental rights and legally constructed fundamental rights. This approach advocates that marriage falls under the category of legally constructed fundamental rights. This classification originates from Jellinek's distinction between natural freedom and legal freedom, and while it carries a certain degree of novelty, it fails to explain the practices of marriage law in our country and suffers from inherent theoretical flaws. The reason why the union of two individuals is recognized as marriage lies in the fact that their actions conform to the “meaningful content” of marriage, and the primary components of this “meaningful content” are ethical norms, folk customs, cultural traditions, and other normative frameworks. The function of the law is not to form marriage but to provide protection for it. Therefore, the freedom of marriage in constitutional law exhibits the characteristics of “natural freedom”, which offers the possibility of conducting constitutional review of the entire marriage law system from a constitutional perspective. |
| Key words: Freedom of Marriage, Fundamental Rights Created by Law, Natural Freedom, Legally Constructed Freedom |
