| 摘要: |
| 基于立法明文规定，被害人有证据证明的轻微刑事案件既可诉诸公诉方式解决，也能通过自诉手段启动司法程序。但在实践中，侦查机关的细化解释表面上赋予了被害人自由选择的权利，却往往由于双方的信息不对称而导致事与愿违的结果。一方面，侦查权可以借由履行告知义务实现转移责任的目的；另一方面，“私了”行为获得了默许并且事实上取代了公力救济的主导地位。究其原因，针对“可公诉可自诉”的内涵把握尚存在某些误区。从“公诉优于自诉”的基本原理出发，公安机关一旦知晓了轻微刑事犯罪活动的存在，即意味着案件处置已不具备被害人的自选空间。因此，《公安机关办理刑事案件程序规定》第176条第2款之规定应予删除，同时还须强化检察监督、律师帮助等外部支持，以保证被害人能基于理性选择适宜的起诉形式。 |
| 关键词: 被害人 可公诉可自诉 轻微刑事案件 刑事案件程序 |
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| 基金项目:2023年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“少捕慎押背景下监视居住功能实现路径研究”（项目编号： 23BFX173） |
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| Reinterpretation on “Cases that may be Public Prosecuted or Private Prosecuted” — Review of Article 176 (2) of “Procedural Regulations of Public Security Organs for Handling Criminal Cases” |
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Sun Hao
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| Abstract: |
| Based on the explicit provisions of the legislation, the victims with evidence to prove the minor criminal cases can resort to public prosecution or private prosecution to start the proceedings. However, in practice, while the detailed explanation of the investigation organ gives the victim the right of free choice on the surface, it often backfires due to information asymmetry. On the one hand, the investigation organ can shirk responsibility by fulfilling the obligation of informing. On the other hand, “private settlement” has been accepted and has in fact replaced the dominant position of public relief. There are still some misunderstandings about the connotation of “cases that may be public or private prosecuted”. Based on the principle that “public prosecution is superior to private prosecution”, once the public security organ is aware of the existence of minor criminal activities, it means that there is no room for victims to choose in case disposal. Therefore, the provisions of Article 176 (2) of the “Procedural Regulations of Public Security Organs for Handling Criminal Cases” should be deleted. At the same time, external support, such as prosecutorial supervision and lawyer assistance, should be strengthened to ensure that victims can rationally choose appropriate forms of prosecution. |
| Key words: Victim, Public Prosecution or Private Prosecution, Minor Criminal Case, Criminal Case Procedure |
