| 摘要: |
| 虽然环境补偿基金作为“区域”环境保护的重要制度手段近年来备受关注，但是该制度的构建并未达到理想状态，仍然存在一些问题，主要体现在当前基金的宗旨过于宽泛、基金的法律地位尚未明确、基金的索赔主体规定缺位以及基金的资金来源不稳定。造成这些问题的原因主要是受到旧的“权力导向”理念的影响，其他原因还包括“区域”环境补偿基金制度仍处于早期发展阶段、缺乏实践基础以及各方争议较大。完善环境补偿基金制度是有效填补“区域”环境损害责任缺口的前提，首先应当对错误的“权力导向”理念进行修正，在此基础上，有必要对基金宗旨进行限缩，明确基金的法律地位，明确基金索赔主体的规定以及确保基金资金来源的稳定性。此外，由于中国在“区域”具有重要的战略利益，面对环境补偿基金制度的发展演变，中国很有必要做好应对策略。 |
| 关键词: 国际海底区域 “区域” 环境补偿基金制度 海洋命运共同体 “区域”环境保护 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国海洋发展基金会与中国海洋发展研究中心2023年度课题“BBNJ协定执行后对中国的影响及对策研究”（课题号： CODF AOC202304） |
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| The Improvement of the Regime of Environmental Compensation Fund for International Seabed Area |
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Wang Yong & Wang Yiyun
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| Abstract: |
| Although the environmental compensation fund as an important institutional means of environmental protection in the Area has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, the construction of the regime has not reached the ideal state, and there are still some problems, which are mainly reflected in the fact that the purpose of the fund is too broad, the legal status of the fund has not been clarified, the subject who claims the fund is missing, and the source of funding of the fund is unstable. These problems are mainly due to the influence of the old power oriented concept, and other reasons include the fact that the Area environmental compensation fund regime is still at an early stage of development, lacks a practical basis, and is highly controversial among various parties. Improving the environmental compensation fund regime is a prerequisite for effectively filling the environmental damage liability gap in the Area, in order to improve the environmental compensation fund regime, the mistake of the old power oriented concept should be corrected. Based on above, it is necessary to limit the purpose of the fund, clarify the legal status of the fund, clarify the provisions of the funds claim subjects, and ensure the stability of the funding sources. In addition, due to Chinas important strategic interests in the Area, it is necessary for China to develop corresponding strategies in the face of the development and evolution of the environmental compensation fund regime. |
| Key words: International Seabed Area, the Area, Environmental Compensation Fund, Maritime Community with a Shared Future, the Area Environment Protection |
