| 摘要: |
| 《民法典》颁行后，源自《民法通则》第92条的《民法典》第122条不可再作请求权基础，宜视为定义性规定。尽管如此，本文仍从事实构成、法律效果和证明责任三个方面做一简要评释。应区分类型确定不当得利请求权的事实构成。实践中最为重要的是给付型不当得利和侵害型不当得利。给付型不当得利的积极事实构成为一方获利、因给付、无法律上原因（给付目的落空或被法律否定）。侵害型不当得利的事实构成为一方得利、因他人（专属）权益被侵害（借他人之代价）、无法律上原因。在返还不当利益上，应以原初所获为客体，在原状返还不能或没有必要时，应折价补偿，其基准时点应为折价补偿请求权发生时。在双务合同的不当得利返还中，若返还义务人财产上决定受不当影响，则在现存利益范围内返还。否则，应全额偿还。在证明责任方面，给付型不当得利的原告就无法律上原因承担证明责任，侵害型不当得利的原告就专属性权益受侵害承担证明责任，被告就获益有法律上原因承担证明责任。 |
| 关键词: 不当得利 《民法典》第122条 无法律上原因 返还不当利益 |
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| 基金项目:上海市哲学社会科学规划一般项目“民法典视域下的返还制度研究”（项目编号： 2019BFX013） |
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| Commentary on Article 122 of the Chinese Civil Code |
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Zhao Wenjie
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| Abstract: |
| After the promulgation and implementation of the Chinese Civil Code, Article 122 of the Chinese Civil Code, which originates from Article 92 of the General Principles of the Civil Code, can no longer be used as the basis of claim and should be regarded as a definitional provision. Nonetheless, this article still provides a brief interpretation of three aspects: prerequisite, legal effect and burden of proof. The prerequisite of the claim for unjust enrichment should be determined by type. The most important ones in practice are unjust enrichment based on performance and on infringement. The positive prerequisite of unjust enrichment based on performance is that one party benefits from the performance, and the enrichment is without a legal ground (the purpose of the performance is frustrated or negated by law). The prerequisite of unjust enrichment based on infringement constitutes a benefit to one party, the (exclusive) rights and interests of others are infringed (at the expense of others), and there is no legal ground. When returning unjust enrichment, the original gain should be the object. When it is impossible to return in the original condition or is not necessary, compensation should be made at a discounted price, and the reference point should be the time when the claim for compensation occurs. In the restitution of unjust enrichment in a bilateral contract, if the restitution obligor's property decision is unduly affected, the restitution shall be made within the scope of existing interests; otherwise, the repayment shall be made in full. In terms of the burden of proof, the plaintiff claiming unjust enrichment based on performance bears the burden of proof that there is no legal ground, the plaintiff claiming unjust enrichment based on infringement bears the burden of proof that exclusive rights and interests have been infringed, and the defendant bears the burden of proof that there is a legal ground for the enrichment. |
| Key words: Unjust Enrichment, Article 122 of Chinese Civil Code, Without a Legal Ground, Restitution of Unjust Enrichment |
