| 摘要: |
| 国家通过行政区划制度实现了对国土空间的有效治理，但形成了行政壁垒和区域发展不平衡。“飞地经济”推动了国土动态空间的重构，需要具有竞争力的管理制度溢出和良法的“飞出”适用。在民商事领域，可以通过冲突法及法律选择制度解决地方法规范的跨界适用。地方行政法规范“飞出”适用的基本规则是“协议—批准”。基于公私法的划分、国家结构形式和地方治理制度，“协议—批准”的实现形式存在差异。在实行普通法制度的联邦制国家，联邦成员可以按民商事冲突法及其意思自治原则，约定其行政法规范的“飞出”适用。实行单一制的国家（联邦成员）除了个别共同法外，对地方行政法规范的“飞出”适用都实行批准制度，包括批准“准据法”、批准行政区划拟制和批准委托管辖制度。无论公私法是否存在分野，地方主体都可以协商约定“飞地经济”的行政管辖权，但自治地方具有更强的自主能力。在实行地方自治的情况下，约定“飞地经济”的行政管辖权多由本级或中央民意机关批准，有的甚至需要行政机关和民意机关的双重批准。行政管辖权是一种实施法律的公权力，它的溢出意味着地方法规范的“飞出”适用。 |
| 关键词: 国土空间秩序 地方法制 飞地经济 冲突法 管辖权 |
| DOI： |
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| Local Regulations' “Extraterritorial Application” |
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Ye Bifeng
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| Abstract: |
| The country has achieved effective governance over its territorial spaces through administrative division systems, yet this has led to administrative barriers and regional development imbalances. The “enclave economy” has promoted the restructuring of dynamic spatial territories, requiring the competitive spillover of management systems and the “extraterritorial application” of good laws. In the realm of civil and commercial matters, conflict of laws and legal choice systems can resolve the cross-jurisdictional application of local regulations. The fundamental rule for the “extraterritorial application” of local administrative regulations is “agreement-approval”. Based on the division between public and private law, the form of the state structure, and the local governance systems, the implementation of the “agreement-approval” varies. In federal states with common law systems, federal members can agree on the “extraterritorial application” of their administrative regulations according to conflict of laws and the principle of autonomy of will in civil and commercial matters. Countries (federal members) that implement a unitary system, except for certain common laws, implement an approval system for the “extraterritorial application” of local administrative regulations, including approving the “applicable law”, approving the fictitious administrative divisions, and approving the delegated jurisdiction system. Regardless of whether there is a distinction between public and private law, local entities can negotiate agreements on the administrative jurisdiction of the “enclave economy”, but autonomous regions possess stronger self-governing capabilities. Under local self-governance, agreements on the administrative jurisdiction of the “enclave economy” are often approved by local or central legislative bodies, and may even require dual approval from administrative and legislative bodies. Administrative jurisdiction is a public power to implement laws. Its spillover signifies the “extraterritorial application” of local regulations. |
| Key words: Territorial Spatial Order, Local Legal System, Enclave Economy, Conflict of Laws, Jurisdiction |
