| 摘要: |
| 专属经济区航行自由适当顾及义务对平衡沿海国和其他国家海洋权利、实现海洋的充分利用具有重要意义。但是，适当顾及义务的内涵模糊，其基本要求和履行形式并不明确。实践中，沿海国基于污染防控对航行自由的限制程度不同，其他国家在沿海国专属经济区实施军事活动是否违反适当顾及义务存在争议，不同国家对适当顾及义务履行形式的规定也不一致。适当顾及义务的理论共识和实践规律表明，遵守国际法和沿海国法律、不得危害沿海国和平与安全、尊重沿海国为行使专属经济区权利而采取的管理措施是专属经济区航行自由适当顾及义务的基本要求。专属经济区航行自由适当顾及义务的履行可细化为分析航行涉及的沿海国权益、判断航行是否影响沿海国权益、事先与沿海国沟通协商、采取必要的合理措施避免侵害沿海国合法权益等步骤。 |
| 关键词: 适当顾及义务 专属经济区 航行自由 沿海国 《联合国海洋法公约》 |
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| 基金项目:2024年度浙江省哲学社会科学规划专项课题“国家管辖范围外区域海洋生物多样性保护国际立法趋势研究”（项目编号： 24NDJC304YBMS） |
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| Study on the Fulfill of Obligation of Due Regard of Navigation Freedom in the Exclusive Economic Zone |
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Fang Xu & Guo Dongyang
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| Abstract: |
| The obligation of due regard of navigation freedom in the EEZ is of great significance in balancing the marine rights of coastal states and other states and realize the full utilization of the oceans. However， the meaning of the obligation of due regard is vague， its basic requirements and the form of fulfilling the obligation are ambiguous. In practice， based on pollution prevention and control， the degree of coastal states restriction on the freedom of navigation is different， there are disputes over whether other states carry out military activities in the coastal state's EEZ violate the obligation of due regard， and domestic legislations on the form of fulfilling of the obligation of due regard are also different. The theoretical consensus and the law of practice on the obligation of due regard indicate that compliance with international law and the law of the coastal state， not endangering the peace and security of the coastal state， and respecting the management measures taken by the coastal state to ensure the exercise of the rights of the EEZ are the basic requirements for the obligation of due regard of navigation freedom in the EEZ. The process of fulfilling the obligation of due regard of navigation freedom in the EEZ can be refined into a comprehensive analysis of the rights and interests of the coastal state involved in the navigation， judging whether the navigation affects the rights and interests of the coastal state or not， prior communication and consultation with the coastal state， and taking necessary and reasonable measures to avoid infringing upon the rights and interests of the coastal state. |
| Key words: The Obligation of Due Regard, Exclusive Economic Zone, Freedom of Navigation, The Coastal State, UNCLOS |
