| 摘要: |
| 关于“数据权益的刑法保护”问题，在理论层面上，可从“刑法解释论”和“刑法立法论”两种路径进行探讨。“刑法解释论”探讨路径以现行《刑法》罪名体系为出发点，主要任务是揭示哪些罪名的犯罪构成之设置是以“数据权益”为规范保护目的；“刑法立法论”探讨路径是在刑法立法层面上探讨立法者为在刑法政策上实现数据权益的刑法保护这一目的，动用刑罚禁止何种行为类型才具正当性的问题。然而，两种探讨路径都将依赖于“数据权益”的内涵确定以及法益格的认定问题，换言之，是刑法法益理论在数据权益刑法保护问题上的具体运用。《民法典》第127条并非是关于数据的确权性规定，且在民法理论界关于数据权益的法律属性存在诸多争议的状况下，“数据权益”内涵不明、法律属性不清导致其并不具备作为刑法保护客体的“法益”格。当前刑法理论界存在的关于“数据权益”的刑法类法益保护模式探讨路径，是对刑法法益保护方式的误读，并未触及“数据权益刑法保护”之规范层面问题的实质。“数据安全”法益观的探讨路径则不仅混淆了现象层面与规范层面上的“数据犯罪”概念的界分，也由于没有论证“数据安全”如何能够构成刑法的保护法益，而导致结论过于武断。在理论探讨上，应该明确作为行为客体的物理层面上的“数据”概念与作为保护客体的法益层面上的“数据权益”概念之间的区别，据此明确“数据权益的刑法保护”在规范层面上是否构成新问题。 |
| 关键词: 数据 数据权益 法益保护 数据犯罪 数据安全 |
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| On the Criminal Protection of the Legal Rights of Data: From the Perspective of the Intersection of Civil and Criminal Law |
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Zheng Junnan
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| Abstract: |
| The issue of “criminal protection of legal rights of data” can be explored theoretically from two perspectives: “criminal law interpretation” and “criminal law legislation”. The methodology of “criminal law interpretation” starts from the current criminal law accusation system, mainly for revealing which crimes are set up with the purpose of protecting “legal rights of data and interests” as the normative standard. The “theory of criminal law legislation” methodology is to explore the legitimacy of the criminal law protection of legal rights of data and interests at the level of criminal law legislation, and to explore the types of behaviors that are prohibited by criminal penalties. However, both methodologies will rely on the determination of the connotation of “legal rights of data” and the identification of legal interests. In other words, it is the specific application of the theory of criminal law interests to the issue of criminal law protection of legal rights of data. Article 127 of the Civil Code is not a provision on the confirmation of legal rights of data, and in the context of many disputes in the theoretical circle of civil law about the legal attributes of legal rights of data, the unclear connotation and legal attributes of “legal rights of data” have led to its lack of “legal interest” status as a protected object of criminal law. The current approach to the protection of legal rights of data in the criminal law theory community is a misreading of the criminal law approach to the protection of legal interests, and does not address the substantive issues of the normative aspects of criminal law protection of legal rights of data. The approach to the concept of “data security” legal interest not only confuses the distinction between the concept of “data crime” at the phenomenological and normative levels, but also leads to overly arbitrary conclusions due to the lack of argumentation on how “data security” can constitute a protected legal interest under criminal law. In terms of theoretical discussion, it is necessary to clarify the distinction between the concept of “data” on the physical level as the object of behavior and the concept of “legal rights of data” on the legal interest level as the object of protection, and accordingly determine whether the “criminal protection of legal rights of data” constitutes a new issue at the normative level. |
| Key words: Data, Legal Rights of Data, Protection of Legal Interest, Data Crime, Data Security |
