| 摘要: |
| 《联合国海洋法公约》被国际社会广泛认为是“海洋宪章”，构成规制所有海洋活动的法律框架。在国际司法和仲裁实践中，通过演化解释等方式将《联合国海洋法公约》的条款适用于该条约缔约时未出现的新问题，甚至将条约条款进行明显不同于文义的新解释，已经成为近年来国际裁判实践的一种趋势。一方面，《联合国海洋法公约》的“海洋宪章”地位具有其必然性，遵守包括《联合国海洋法公约》在内的国际法已经成为国际共识。另一方面，《联合国海洋法公约》并不能解决所有海洋问题，该公约未予规定的事项，应继续以一般国际法的规则和原则为准据。因此，如何确定该公约解释和适用的“界限”尤为重要。 |
| 关键词: 《联合国海洋法公约》 海洋宪章 演化解释 界限 |
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| The UNCLOS as the “Constitution for the Oceans”： Developments and Limits |
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Shi Yubing
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| Abstract: |
| United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (“UNCLOS”) has been widely recognized as the “Constitution for the Oceans”, which constitutes the regulatory framework for all ocean related activities. In international adjudication, it has become a trend that provisions of UNCLOS be applied to new emerging issues through evolutive treaty interpretation, and certain provisions are even interpreted as meaning completely different with their literal interpretation. On the one hand, the role of UNCLOS as the “Constitution for the Oceans” has been widely accepted, and it has become consensus of the international community to comply with international law including the UNCLOS. On the other hand, UNCLOS cannot address all ocean related issues, and that matters not regulated by UNCLOS should continue to be governed by the rules and principles of general international law. Thus, it is imperative to identify the “limits” appropriately for the interpretation and application of UNCLOS. |
| Key words: UNCLOS, Constitution for the Oceans, Evolutive Treaty Interpretation, Limits |
