| 摘要: |
| 受经典行政行为形式理论诱导，偏重于“单一节点”的研究方法无法管窥行政信用评级之全貌。借助于行政过程论研究范式下的阶段性构造分析，行政信用评级本质上是由信用信息归集行为、信用信息评价行为、信用等级计算行为、信用等级公开行为组成的复合型行政活动。其中，信用信息归集行为的法律性质有四种，分别为不真正多阶段行政程序行为、实质意义上的行政内部行为、行政协议行为、行政事实行为；信用信息评价行为应属于内部行政行为；信用等级计算行为应当定性为自动化具体行政行为，但在评级机构未履行告知义务的情况下，仅成立内部行政行为；信用等级公开行为属于行政事实行为。行政信用评级本质上并无授益或负担属性，但评级结果对信用主体的声誉、资格等产生重大影响。因此，应当从创设依据、适用范围、技术程序与救济机制等四个方面强化对行政信用评级的法律控制。 |
| 关键词: 行政信用评级 法律属性 行政过程论 法律控制 |
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| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目“综合配套改革试验区管理体制机制的行政法研究”（项目编号：18BFX049）、天津市社会科学规划青年项目“作为政府监管工具的‘评级’研究”（项目编号：TJFX16002Q） |
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| On the Legal Attribute of Administrative Credit Rating and its Legal Control—Based on the Analysis of Administrative Process Theory |
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Yang Jie
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| Abstract: |
| Induced by the classical administrative acts form scheme， the research method which focuses too much on “a single node” cannot correctly understand administrative credit rating. Based on the analysis of the stage structure under the research paradigm of administrative process theory， the administrative credit rating is essentially a complex administrative activity composed of the behavior of credit information collection， the behavior of credit information evaluation， the behavior of credit rating calculation and the behavior of credit rating disclosure. Among them， there are four legal properties of the act of credit information collection， namely， non genuine multi stage administrative procedure act， administrative internal act in a substantive sense， administrative agreement， and administrative factual act. The behavior of credit information evaluation should belong to internal administrative behavior； the behavior of credit rating calculation should be defined as an automatic specific administrative act， but only an internal administrative act is established when the rating agency fails to fulfill the obligation of informing； the disclosure of credit rating is an administrative fact. The administrative credit rating has no benefit or burden attribute in nature， but the rating result has great influence on the reputation and qualification of the credit subject. Therefore， it is necessary to strengthen the legal control of administrative credit rating from four aspects， such as the establishment of basis， the scope of application， the procedural standard and the relief mechanism. |
| Key words: Administrative Credit Rating, The Nature of Law, Administrative Process Theory, Legal Control |
