| 摘要: |
| 大数据监控措施即通过大规模、系统化地收集、存储、处理和控制数据而对社会进行的监控，目前已经在侦查中被运用。因此有必要在研究大数据监控对公民权利的影响的基础上，研究如何规制大数据监控的运用。大数据监控可能会侵害公民的隐私权、个人数据权、通信自由权、表达自由权、财产权等权利，其中最有可能被侵害的是隐私权，所以也是我国刑事诉讼中最需要关注的一项权利。大数据监控虽然针对不特定对象，且通常仅监控非内容性信息，但由于对不特定公民的个人信息数据构成现实的威胁，所以仍可能会侵害隐私权。在现代社会，公民将个人信息数据提交给第三方不意味着就放弃了对个人信息数据的权利，要根据侦查机关获取公民个人信息数据的不同情形而判断是否构成对隐私权的侵害。即便公民身处公共场所，或在网络公共领域进行表达、交流，也仍对其中部分信息享有隐私权；而且对于公民在公共场所或网络公共领域所从事的那些不具有合理隐私期待的活动，如果进行长期、密集的监控，也可能会侵害公民隐私权。大数据监控具有侵权的长期性、秘密性、技术性、面广但度轻等特征。对大数据监控进行规制应以《刑事诉讼法》为主体，并辅以其他法律的规制；应当对目前《刑事诉讼法》中的技术侦查制度和立案制度进行改革；对各类大数据监控的法律规制应遵循比例原则，根据其在侦查中的具体作用、监控的对象、内容而进行宽严有别的规制。 |
| 关键词: 大数据监控 隐私权 法律规制 |
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| The Research on Regulation of Big Data Surveillance—Centering on Privacy Right |
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| Abstract: |
| In criminal investigation, the use of big data surveillance is increasing day by day. Therefore, it is necessary to research whether big data surveillance will infringe on civil rights and provide a theoretical basis for the legal regulation of big data surveillance. Although big data surveillance aims at non specific objects and usually only monitors non content information, it may still infringe on civil rights because it poses a real threat to the personal information data of non specific citizens. In modern society, citizens' submission of personal information data to third parties does not mean giving up their rights to personal information data. We should judge whether it constitutes a violation of civil rights according to the different situations in which the investigative organs obtain personal information data of citizens. Even if citizens are in public places or express and communicate in the network public sphere, they still have the right to privacy of some of their information. Moreover, for those activities that citizens do not have reasonable privacy expectations in public places or network public spheres, long term and intensive monitoring will also infringe on citizen's privacy rights and other rights. In order to deal with the challenges brought by big data surveillance, we should research the basic connotation and scope of civil rights in the context of criminal procedure, rethink and innovate the technical investigation rules and their theoretical basis in the current Criminal Procedure Law of China, and study the intervention degree of various big data surveillance measures on civil rights. |
| Key words: Big Data Surveillance, Privacy Right, Legal Regulation |
