| 摘要: |
| 《环境宪章》作为发达国家中第一份规定环境权的宪法性文件，具有重要研究价值。本文以法国宪法委员会15年来对《环境宪章》的典型应用为分析对象，发现在合宪性程序确立之前，宪法委员会经由“《海外法国人登记法》案”，确认《环境宪章》的宪法团成员地位；通过“《转基因生物法》案”，全面认可了《环境宪章》规定的权利与义务；通过“碳税案”，强调个人在《环境宪章》应用中的地位。这三个裁决体现了《环境宪章》规定的宪法环境权的“客观价值秩序”性质。在合宪性先决机制确立后，通过“《住房和建筑法》案”，宪法委员会证实了《环境宪章》所载的权利和义务确实可以由个人行使，突出了宪法环境权的“主观权利”性质。宪法委员会用裁决正面回应了学界对《环境宪章》所载权利可诉性的质疑，通过环境权“客观价值秩序”到“主观权利”的展示，稳步推进宪法环境权在司法实践中的运用。虽然宪法委员会通过模糊《环境宪章》价值和目标条款的区别，传递出希望赋予个人《环境宪章》所载所有环境权的信号，但将《环境宪章》作为以人类为中心的人文主义向以生物为中心的深层生态学的转折标志，仍为时尚早。 |
| 关键词: 《环境宪章》 主观权利 客观价值秩序 可诉性 环境权 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| The Advanced Application of French Charter for the Environment by the Constitutional Council： On the Justiciability of Constitutional Environmental Rights |
|
Li Qin
|
|
|
| Abstract: |
| Charter for the Environment, the first constitutional document in the developed world to stipulate environmental rights, has important research values. This article analyzes the typical cases by the Constitutional Council in 15 years and finds that before the establishment of QPC, the “Overseas French Registration Law” case, the “GMO Act” case and the “carbon tax” case reflect the “objective law” nature of the constitutional environmental rights contained in the Charter. After the establishment of QPC, the “Housing and Building Law” case highlights the “subjective” nature of constitutional environmental rights. In a word, the Constitutional Council responded to the academic circles questioning the rulings. What is more, the Constitutional Council tried to give all the environmental rights enshrined in the Charter by blurring the distinction between the principle and objective of the Charters constitutional value. However, it is still too early to consider the Charter as a turning point in anthropology centered humanist to bio centered deep ecology. |
| Key words: French Charter for the Environment, Subjective Rights, Objective Rights, Justiciability, Environmental Rights |
