| 摘要: |
| 秦汉时期的“迁”在出土文献当中几乎均作为刑罚出现，当下的研究也多围绕“迁刑”展开。其实，“迁”作为秦人的一项政策，并不单单是刑罚，而是具有多种样态。“迁刑”实际上是由非刑罚的“迁”发展而来的，其进入刑罚体系大致在昭襄王晚期。“迁”入刑的主要原因是昭襄王时期秦国领土急剧扩大，出于填充新地的需要，故而使用了“赦罪人迁之”的政策，并在昭襄王晚期将“迁”纳入律令体系，使其稳定化与制度化，成为刑罚的一种。“迁刑”产生的根本原因，是秦国君主需要发展和巩固集权社会体制。作为将罪人迁徙至他地之刑，其可以很好地瓦解六国故地地域性强烈的宗族势力，并用以分隔本国内部的宗亲权贵集团，对于集权社会的发展和巩固具有不小的作用。 |
| 关键词: 迁 迁刑 赦罪人迁之 集权社会 |
| DOI： |
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| From “Qian” to “Qian Penalty”: the Evolution of Qian in the Qin Dynasty |
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Huang Hai
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| Abstract: |
| Qian（迁） is usually only considered as a banish penalty of the Qin Dynasty according to the unearthed literature, but it was actually a policy in the beginning. Because of the rapid expansion of territory during the period of King Zhaoxiang（昭襄王）, in order to fill in the new territory, relocating the criminals to those areas was adopted as a policy, which was called Qian. In the late period of King Zhaoxiang, the policy of Qian was finally incorporated into the legal system as a kind of penalty to stabilize and institutionalize the authority centralization. As a banish penalty, Qian had great effects on the development and consolidation of the centralized society. |
| Key words: Qian, Qian the Penalty, Centralized Society |
