| 摘要: |
| 在法律要求和平台治理需求的背景下，平台经营者开始承担助力实现社会治理目标的任务，其实施的惩戒性管理行为对维护平台市场秩序具有重要作用，形成以法律与平台规则为双重依据的“政府—平台—用户”三体结构。当平台经营者对用户的管理达到“控制、支配”程度时，双方地位显著失衡，传统民商事关系中的意思自治原则受到冲击，不宜仅依据平台经营者的私主体身份判断行为效力。以霍菲尔德法律关系理论为分析框架，解构“平台惩戒性管理权”可得出： 当平台经营者具备“变动法律关系的资格能力”时，平台经营者与用户之间的法律关系才可能从契约关系转向其他类型。在以协议为行为依据时，虽然主体之间存在事实层面的不平等，可能排除意思表示主体协商与让步的可能，但利益失衡状态尚未达至不可调和的状态，成立民事法律关系。但当平台惩戒性管理权通过立法者和执法者的认可，将“依据平台规则得到的权力”与“依据立法和执法得到的权力”嫁接起来时，其法律效果需结合具体场景进行动态判断，寻求平台自治与法律规制的恰当平衡。 |
| 关键词: 平台处罚 惩戒性管理行为 法律关系 行为效力 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:2024年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“网络平台‘处罚’式管理行为研究”（项目编号： 24YJC820036） |
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| Is Platform Punishment Merely “Autonomy Based on Contract”?—Analysis of the Effectiveness of Platform Punitive Management Behavior from the Perspective of Legal Relationship |
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Tang Junqi
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| Abstract: |
| Against the backdrop of legal requirements and platform governance needs, platform operators have begun to undertake the task of aiding the achievement of social governance objectives. The punitive management behavior they implement play a crucial role in maintaining platform market order and have established a tripartite “governmentplatformuser” structure for user supervision, based on both legal and platform rules as dual foundations. When the platform operator's management of users reaches the level of “control and domination”, the positions of both parties are significantly imbalanced. The principle of autonomy of will in traditional civil and commercial relations has been challenged, and it is not appropriate to judge the effectiveness of actions solely based on the private subject nature of platform operators. Using Hohfeld's legal relationship theory as an analytical framework, deconstructing the “platform punitive management power”can lead to the conclusion that when platform operators have the “qualification and ability to change legal relationship” , the legal relationship between platform operators and users may shift from contractual relationships to other types. When using agreements as the basis for the effectiveness of actions, although there is factual inequality between the parties, which may exclude the possibility of negotiation and concession between the parties expressing their intentions, the imbalance of interests has not yet reached an irreconcilable state, and there is still a possibility of balance, thus establishing a civil legal relationship. But when the punitive management power of the platform is recognized by legislators and law enforcers, connecting the “power obtained based on platform rules” with the “power obtained based on legislation and law enforcement”, its legal effect needs to be dynamically judged based on specific scenarios to balance the boundary between platform autonomy and legal regulation. |
| Key words: Platform Punishment, Punitive Management Behavior, Legal Relationship, Effectiveness of Actions |
