| 摘要: |
| 犯罪附随后果有助于实现以一般预防为导向的政策目标，但本身存在“治理悖论”的困局：“重惩罚、轻复归”的犯罪附随后果带来“轻罪不轻”现象，导致“社会惩罚→继续犯罪”的系统危机。犯罪附随后果作为一种社会惩罚，是重罪重刑时代的产物，将犯罪附随后果不加区分地适用于轻罪，违背责任主义原则而产生功能异化。犯罪记录封存作为犯罪附随后果的制度选择，会面临社会复归与安全保护的法益衡量难题，前科记录具有一定的犯罪预防效果，也是导致社会排斥的原因。在实体法上，犯罪记录封存的适用对象是轻微犯罪的过失犯罪以及判处一年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制和免除处罚的故意犯罪。在程序法上，犯罪记录封存当以出狱人员的申请和后经法院裁定为正当程序。同时，建构犯罪记录封存是一个社会系统工程，离不开社会支持体系建设。 |
| 关键词: 积极刑法立法观 轻微犯罪 犯罪记录封存制度 犯罪附随后果 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字经济时代刑事安全风险防控体系构建研究”（项目批准号： 21&ZD210）和最高人民检察院一般课题“单位犯罪立法完善问题研究”（项目编号： GJ2024C15） |
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| The Construction of the System for Minor Criminal Record Sealing from the Perspective of Positive Criminal Law Legislation |
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Jiang Tao
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| Abstract: |
| The consequences of crimes， can help achieve general prevention-oriented policy goals， but there is a dilemma of the “governance paradox”： the consequences of crimes of “heavy punishment and light reinstatement” have brought about the phenomenon of “misdemeanor is not light”， leading to a systemic crisis of “social punishment → continuing to commit crimes”. As a kind of social punishment， the attached consequences of crimes are a product of the era of heavy punishment for serious crimes， and the application of consequences of crimes to minor crimes indiscriminately violates the principle of responsibility and produces functional alienation. As a system choice with the consequences of crimes， criminal record sealing will face the problem of measuring the legal benefits of social restoration and security protection， and criminal records have a certain crime prevention effect， which is also the cause of social exclusion. In substantive law， criminal record sealing applies to minor crimes of negligence and intentional crimes punishable by imprisonment of up to one year， criminal detention， controlled release and exemption from punishment. In terms of procedural law， the sealing of a criminal record shall be due process upon the application of the offender who has been released from prison and the subsequent decision of the court. At the same time， the construction of criminal record sealing is a social system project， which is inseparable from the construction of a social support system. |
| Key words: Positive Criminal Law Legislation, Minor Crimes, the System of Criminal Record Sealing, The Consequences of Crimes |
