| 摘要: |
| 平等主义与优先主义的优劣之争是强制执行理论悬而未决的公案，但我国学界的兴趣始终在优先主义一边，对平等主义缺乏了解。作为平等主义最重要的立法例，日本法具有重要的借鉴意义。当代的破产程序手段更加灵活，目的更加多元，执破二分理论的“二分”立场过于保守，应予扬弃。日本1890年《民事诉讼法》用抽象的平等主义理念应对复杂的实践，导致严重的效率不足，但其1979年《民事执行法》通过成熟的立法技术，彻底解决了执行效率问题。平等主义不认可通过执行程序为普通债权人创设一般性的优先受偿地位，但不排斥具体场景下的优先受偿。平等主义与优先主义之争是政策选择问题，我国立法应当向本国传统寻找源头、探寻出路。不应拔高任何一种主义的作用，要把笼统的执行价款分配问题分解成若干个小问题，构建有弹性的规则体系。应当摒弃制度运营者视角，让执行程序以利用者为中心。 |
| 关键词: 执行价款分配 平等主义 优先主义 执破二分 民事诉讼社会化 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| On Egalitarianism in Civil Enforcement |
|
Shi Mingzhou
|
|
|
| Abstract: |
| The debate over the merits and demerits of egalitarianism and prioritarianism remains an unresolved issue in the theory of enforcement. However, the academic community in our country has always been more interested in prioritarianism and has lacked a thorough understanding of egalitarianism. As the most important legislative example of egalitarianism, Japanese law has a significant reference value. The contemporary bankruptcy procedures are more flexible and have more diverse objectives. The “dualistic” stance of the theory of separation between enforcement and bankruptcy is overly conservative and should be discarded. The Civil Procedure Law of 1890 addressed the complex practice with an abstract egalitarian concept, which led to severe inefficiency. However, the Civil Enforcement Law of 1979, through mature legislative techniques, completely resolved the issue of enforcement efficiency. Egalitarianism does not recognize the creation of a general priority of payment for ordinary creditors through enforcement procedures, but it does not exclude priority of payment in specific contexts. The debate between egalitarianism and prioritarianism is a matter of policy choice. Our countrys legislation should look to its own traditions for origins and solutions. We should not overstate the role of any particular doctrine. Instead, the general issue of the distribution of enforcement proceeds should be broken down into several smaller issues, and a flexible system of rules should be constructed. We should abandon the perspective of the system operator and make the enforcement procedure user centered. |
| Key words: Distribution of Enforcement Proceeds, Egalitarianism, Prioritarianism, Separation between Enforcement and Bankruptcy, Socialization of Civil Procedure |
