| 摘要: |
| 我国反不正当竞争法多次修订中都试图引入滥用相对优势地位条款，而学界对滥用相对优势地位的法律性质和规制路径存在较大争议。滥用相对优势地位直接损害交易相对人利益，首先是一种合同法上的行为。只有当滥用相对优势地位具有广泛性、持续性并损害整体竞争秩序时，才需要竞争法的介入。不正当竞争行为本质上是经营者以不正当手段争夺客户，而滥用相对优势地位可能带来的竞争损害主要是排除、限制竞争，具体表现为对行为人的竞争对手造成排斥效果、削弱交易相对人参与下游市场竞争的能力以及特殊情况下引发共谋效应。滥用相对优势地位与不正当竞争行为的性质差异以及与垄断行为损害理论的吻合，使得反垄断法更适合用来解决滥用相对优势地位问题。鉴于相对优势地位和市场支配地位具有相同或类似性质，反垄断法中的滥用市场支配地位制度可用于规制大多数滥用相对优势地位行为；未达到或难以认定为市场支配地位的相对优势地位，也可借助纵向垄断协议制度来“兜底”。反垄断法中的现有制度已为滥用相对优势地位提供了较充分的规范依据，另行规定滥用相对优势地位制度，不论是写入反不正当竞争法还是反垄断法，必要性都不大。将滥用相对优势地位纳入反不正当竞争法，看似便利执法，实际上更容易引发法律适用冲突。 |
| 关键词: 滥用相对优势地位 不正当竞争行为 滥用市场支配地位 纵向垄断协议 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国反垄断法全过程实施模式研究”（项目编号： 23&ZD160） |
|
| The Multiple Natures of Abuse of Relative Market Power and a Systematic Regulatory Approach Applicable to It |
|
Jiao Haitao
|
|
|
| Abstract: |
| There is significant controversy in the academic community regarding the legal nature of the abuse of relative market power and how to regulate it． China's Anti-unfair Competition Law is undergoing its third revision， and some people have suggested the introduction of a clause on the abuse of relative market power． The abuse of relative market power directly harms the interests of the counterparty in the transaction， and is therefore, first and foremost, a contract law act． The intervention of competition law is necessary only when such abuse is extensive and persistent， and harms the overall competitive order． In essence， acts of unfair competition are the behaviors of business operators competing for customers through unfair means． The competitive damage that may be caused by the abuse of relative market power is primarily the elimination and restriction of competition， which is manifested in the exclusion effect on competitors， the restriction of the ability of trading counterparties to participate in downstream market competition and， in certain circumstances， the collusion effect． This differs from the nature of unfair competition behavior， but is more akin to the harm caused by monopolistic behaviors． Therefore， the Anti-monopoly Law is more suitable to solve the problem of abuse of relative market power． Since the relative market power and the dominant market position are of the same or similar nature， the system of abuse of market dominance in the Anti-monopoly Law can be applied to most abuses of relative market power． The system of vertical monopoly agreements is also applicable to relative market power that has not reached the level of or is difficult to be identified as a market dominance． Considering that the existing system in the Anti-monopoly Law already provides sufficient legal norms for regulating the abuse of relative market power， it is not necessary to provide for a separate system of abuse of relative market power， whether it is written into the Anti-unfair Competition Law or the Anti-monopoly Law． Incorporating the abuse of relative market power into the Anti-unfair Competition Law may facilitate law enforcement， but it can easily lead to conflicts in legal application． |
| Key words: Abuse of Relative Market Power, Acts of Unfair Competition, Abuse of Market Dominance, Vertical Monopoly Agreements |
