| 摘要: |
| 双重标准和例外论是国际法中的重要议题。尽管国际法的普遍适用得到广泛认同，但某些西方国家在国际事务中以自身利益为中心，将自己的标准和意志强加于他国，对自身和盟友采取宽松的政策，而对其他国家则采取严格的标准。这种做法破坏了国际法的公平性和一致性，对国际法治产生负面影响。国际法中的双重标准与选择性适用问题涉及国家利益、意识形态偏见、政治动机和地缘政治考虑等多个因素。关于双重标准的讨论往往涉及对虚伪以及国际法秩序的公平性的争论。本文旨在对国际法中的双重标准实践进行实证研究，并揭示其背后的潜在问题。历史上，国际法在很多时候是为西方国家利益服务的。当前，西方国家在国际法中频繁采取双重标准的做法，不仅损害国际法治，也扰乱国际秩序。这表明正确认识与及时解决国际法中双重标准问题的重要性。 |
| 关键词: 国际法治 双重标准 例外论 结构性不平等 文明标准 |
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| 基金项目:国家法治与法学理论研究项目“美国参与国际贸易治理中的法治冲突研究”（项目编号： 19SFB3050） |
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| Double Standards in the Applicability of International Law |
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Han Yichou
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| Abstract: |
| Double standards and exceptionalism are important issues in international law． Although the universal application of international law is widely recognized， certain Western countries center their own interests in international affairs， impose their standards and will on other countries． They adopt lenient policies towards themselves and their allies， while applying strict standards to other countries． This practice undermines the fairness and consistency of international law， negatively impacting the rule of law in international relations． The issues of double standards and selective application in international law involve multiple factors， including national interests， ideological biases， political motives， and geopolitical considerations． The discussion on double standards often involves debates on hypocrisy， and the fairness of the international legal order． This paper aims to make an empirical study on double standards practices in international law and reveal its underlying logic． Historically， international law has frequently served the imperialist agendas and interests of Western countries． Presently， Western nations often apply international law with double standards， which undermines the rule of law and destabilizes the international order． This underscores the critical importance of recognizing and addressing the issue of double standards in international law in a timely and accurate manner． |
| Key words: International Rule of Law, Double Standards, Exceptionalism, Structural Inequality, Standards of Civilization |
