| 摘要: |
| 新《公司法》第88条规定了未出资股权转让后的出资责任，其法理正当性与具体适用有待进一步研究。依据股权转让时出资期限是否届满，可将未出资股权分为瑕疵股权与未届期股权，两者的规制共性大于异性。而受让人与转让人的责任配置原理不一，依债务承担原理，受让人因继受取得股东资格，当然需要承担后续的出资义务与出资责任，仅在瑕疵股权转让时受让人享有例外性的善意抗辩权，而转让人的责任应然性与责任形态需结合制度目的与制度成本进行综合衡量。第88条的适用范围应包含抽逃出资的股权，且加速到期规则衔接第1款与第2款；第88条的出资责任应包含向公司足额缴纳出资、损害赔偿的责任以及包含股东向债权人的补充清偿责任。但是，第88条在股权多次转让时存在不可忽视的未尽问题，无期限、无顺序的转让股东责任可能过分侵害股东退出自由，主观心态的割裂性可能导致责任规则的适用困难，应考虑增加时间限制规则、切断规则。 |
| 关键词: 未出资股权 债务承担 善意抗辩 债权人保护 退出自由 |
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| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国企业社会责任重大立法问题研究”（项目编号： 16ZDA067） |
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| The Capital Contribution Liability after Unfulfilled Equity Transfer |
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Zhao Xudong & Chen Xuan
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| Abstract: |
| Article 88 of the new Company Law formulates the rules of capital contribution responsibilities after the transfer of unfulfilled equity. The legal rationality and specific application remain to be discussed. Based on whether the contribution period has expired at the time of the equity transfer, unfulfilled equity can be divided into unexpired equity and unpaid equity, which shares more rules in common than diversity. The responsibilities rationale of the transferee and the transferer are different. According to the debt delegation theory, the transferee, who becomes the shareholder needs to bear capital contribution obligations and responsibilities. Only when transferring unpaid equity did the bona fide transferee have an exceptional good faith defense. The normativity and specific forms of the transferer's responsibility should be comprehensively determined by the institutional purpose and the cost. As for the application of Article 88, it can also apply for the situation of illegally capital withdrawal, and the accelerated expiration rule can connect the first and second paragraphs of Article 88. In terms of legal effects, the capital contribution responsibility should include the obligation to fully pay the capital contribution and compensation for damages, and the supplementary responsibility to creditors. However, some problems remain in the situation of multiple equity transfers. Liability without a time limit may overly infringe on shareholders' freedom to withdraw, and the separation of the subjective state may lead to difficulties in application. It is necessary to add the limitation rules of time and cut-off rules. |
| Key words: the Unfulfilled Equity, Debt Delegation, Bona Fide Defense, Creditor Protection, Freedom of Withdraw |
