| 摘要: |
| 对全国人大及其常委会宪法监督权的同质化理解忽略了宪法文本的差异，也会造成“实效性难题”与“冗余性难题”。全国人大相对其他国家机关具有政治上的优越地位，其宪法监督权建基于最高国家权力机关的地位与民主集中制原则。全国人大可通过多种方式监督其他国家机关的工作，宪法监督是其中一项，在类型上属于政治控制型监督。全国人大常委会是最高国家权力机关的常设机关，相对其他国家机关具有相对的优越地位，也有权开展政治控制型的宪法监督。1982年《宪法》特别授予全国人大常委会“解释宪法，监督宪法的实施”的权限，使得常委会得以独占性地开展合宪性审查。合宪性审查属于规范控制型宪法监督，它的依据是宪法的规范效力。应注重两机关宪法监督权的性质差异，推进政治控制型监督与规范控制型监督共同保障宪法实施。 |
| 关键词: 全国人大常委会 最高国家权力机关 民主集中制 宪法监督 合宪性审查 |
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| 基金项目:中国博士后科学基金资助项目（项目编号： 2023M740058）与国家资助博士后研究人员计划（资助编号： GZB20230010） |
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| The Differentiation of the Constitutional Supervision Powers between the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee |
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Qian Kun
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| Abstract: |
| The homogeneous understanding of the constitutional supervision power of the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee ignores the differences in constitutional texts, which will also cause “effectiveness problems” and “redundancy problems”. Compared with other state organs, the National People's Congress has a politically superior position, and its constitutional supervision power is based on the status of the highest state power organ and the principle of democratic centralism. The National People's Congress can supervise the work of other state organs through various methods, constitutional supervision is one of them, and it belongs to the type of political control supervision. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is a permanent organ of the highest state power organ. It has a relatively superior position over other state organs and has the power to carry out politically controlled constitutional supervision. The 1982 Constitution specifically granted the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress the authority to “interpret the Constitution and supervise the implementation of the Constitution”, allowing the Standing Committee to exclusively conduct constitutional review. Constitutional review belongs to normative control constitutional supervision, which is based on the normative validity of the constitution. We should pay attention to the differences in the nature of the constitutional supervision power of the two organs, and promote the supervision of political control and normative control to jointly guarantee the implementation of the constitution. |
| Key words: The Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress, The Highest Organ of State Power, Democratic Centralism, Constitutional Supervision, Constitutional Review |
