| 摘要: |
| 赠与合同的原因体现为赠与人负担债务的“决定性动机”，这种“决定性动机”欠缺时，应当否定赠与合同的拘束力。因此，若赠与合同的原因欠缺，即使在赠与人移转赠与财产权利后，仍有否定赠与合同拘束力，认可赠与财产返还的需要。关于否定赠与合同拘束力的具体路径，“附解除条件的赠与”构成建立在对当事人意思的拟制之上，有不当干涉当事人意思自治之嫌，应当区分赠与合同原因欠缺的发生时点，分别采用错误构成和情事变更构成。若原因欠缺自始发生，则原因欠缺可能构成错误，即使该项错误属于狭义的动机错误，也应当允许赠与人主张错误撤销。若原因欠缺嗣后发生，则原因欠缺可能构成赠与合同基础情事的变更，赠与人可依情事变更规则解除赠与合同。原因欠缺导致赠与财产返还的原理亦可用于对彩礼返还规则的解释和对父母出资为已婚子女购置房屋后子女离婚所引发的财产返还问题的解决。 |
| 关键词: 赠与合同 财产返还 原因错误 情事变更 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:2022年度江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“婚约财产返还的请求权基础研究”（项目编号： 2022SJYB2124） |
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| Principles and Rules for Returning Donated Property Due to Lack of Cause |
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Xia Jingyi
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| Abstract: |
| The Cause for a donation contract is reflected in the “decisive motive” for the donor to bear the debt. If this “decisive motive” is lacking, the binding force of the donation contract should be negated. Even after the donor has transferred the rights to the donated property, it is still necessary to deny the binding force of the donation contract and recognize the return of the donated property. The legal construction of “donation with a resolutive condition” is based on the fiction of the parties' will, which is suspected of improperly interfering with the parties' autonomy of will. It is necessary to distinguish the time when a lack of Cause for a donation contract occurs, and adopt the legal constitution of mistake and the legal constitution of change of circumstances respectively. A lack of Cause may constitute a mistake if the lack of cause is present from the beginning. Even if a mistake is a motive mistake in the narrow sense, the donor should be allowed to claim revocation. If a lack of Cause occurs subsequently, it may constitute a change in the underlying circumstances of the donation contract, and the donor may terminate the donation contract in accordance with the change of circumstances rules. The principle of the return of donated property for lack of Cause can also be used to explain the rules for the return of bride price and to solve the problem of the return of property caused by the divorce of the children after their parents have invested in purchasing a house for them. |
| Key words: Donation Contract, Returning of Property, Cause, Mistake, Change of Circumstances |
