| 摘要: |
| 针对在领海进行非无害通过的外国军舰，沿海国能否采取执法措施，取决于沿海国保护权是否构成对军舰豁免权的限制。在军舰豁免权的适用范围上，这种限制体现为当外国军舰不顾沿海国有关驶离领海的要求，并对沿海国的和平、良好秩序或安全构成持续、严重、紧迫的危险时，沿海国可基于《海洋法公约》第25条第1款采取必要的执法措施以防止外国军舰的非无害通过。习惯国际法视角下，尚不明确沿海国能否基于保护权对外国军舰采取执法措施，但形势紧迫时国家采取必要的应对措施亦符合国际实践。在执法措施上，沿海国保护权对军舰豁免权的限制体现为对外国军舰的强制驱离，以及暂时扣押身份不明或拒不驶离的军舰属具，但措施的实施应恪守人道主义原则，并以实现强制驱离的目的为限。 |
| 关键词: 军舰、无害通过、领海、豁免权、沿海国保护权 |
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| On the Restrictions of Right of Protection of the Coastal State on the Immunity of Warships |
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Zhai Zhong
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| Abstract: |
| The crux of whether a coastal State may take law enforcement measures against foreign warships engaged in non innocent passage depends on whether the coastal States right of protection constitutes a restriction on the immunity of warships． On the scope of application of immunity of warships， such a restriction implies that when foreign warships disregard the requirements of the coastal State to leave the territorial sea and pose a continuing， severe and urgent threat to the peace， good order or security of the coastal State， such State may take necessary law enforcement measures to prevent the non innocent passage based on Article 25（1） of UNCLOS． In the spectrum of customary international law， whether a coastal State may take law enforcement measures against foreign warships is not clear， but the practice of relevant State confirms that such a State may take necessary steps in case of an urgent situation． In terms of law enforcement measures， the restriction imposed by the coastal States right of protection on the immunity of warships is reflected in the compulsory expulsion of foreign warships and the temporary detention of affiliates of warships which are unidentified or refusing to leave the territorial sea， but such measures must be in accordance with the principle of humanity， and limited to the necessary scope of implementation of the compulsory expulsion． |
| Key words: Warship, Innocent Passage, Territorial Sea, Immunity, Right of Protection of the Coastal State |
