| 摘要: |
| 为避免均衡性原则适用的模糊抽象，具体化成为学界共识，量化方法颇受关注。阿列克西设计的“权重公式Wij”的影响力较大，发挥着定序量化分析的功能，但公式的适用范围受限及构成要素的赋值不当，降低了其应用价值。解决问题的关键在于重构“权重公式”的适用框架，法经济学的分析方法能强化公式的适用能力，使量化过程更具客观性。在以利益为核心的成本收益分析框架下，“权利”作为公式的适用对象，经必要变量的逻辑改进，“权利”的保护强度作为公式的构成要素；经济学上的价值及“权利”的损害导向确立公式的量化基础，继而“权利”能实现货币等价或价值评估。尤其基于经济学的替代理论，“权利”之间构成了新的权衡模型：“权衡公式Bij。”在“权衡公式”的结果判定上，Bij≥1，手段不符合均衡性，不应改变“初始状态”下“权利”的比例关系；Bij＜1，手段符合均衡性，且尽力选择使Bij值更小之手段。“权衡公式”兼具体系化与精细化分析能力，保持了严密结构和强操作性，为更普遍的实践应用提供新思路。在“权衡公式”与成本收益分析的关系上，它是一种融合成本收益分析的均衡性判断。 |
| 关键词: 均衡性原则 权重公式 权衡公式 量化 保护强度 成本收益分析 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金青年项目“行政特许基础理论研究”（项目编号： 18CFX023）、中央高校基本科研业务费原创性基础理论项目“行政法治视阈下我国高校教师聘用制改革研究”（项目编号： 2021CDJSKJC32） |
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| Reflection and Reconstruction on the “Weight Formula” of the Proportionality in Narrow Sense—An Analytical Perspective of Law and Economics |
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Zhai Yi & Jin Longjun
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| Abstract: |
| In order to avoid the abstraction and ambiguity of the application of proportionality in narrow sense, concretization has become a consensus in academia, and the quantitative method has attracted considerable attention. The “Weight Formula（Wij）” designed by Alexy has a greater influence and plays a quantitative analysis function, but the applicable object of the “Weight Formula” is limited by constitutional rights, and the excessive subjectivity of its constituent elements reduces the application of the formula value. The key to solving the problem is to reconstruct the application framework of the “Weight Formula”. The analysis method of law and economics can strengthen the application ability of the formula and make the quantification process more objective. Under the benefit-centered cost-benefit analysis framework, “rights” can be used as the applicable object of the formula. With the logical improvement of necessary variables, the strength of protection of “rights” can be used as the constituent elements of the formula; economic value and the damage orientation of “rights” establish the quantitative basis of the formula, and then “rights” can realize currency equivalence or value evaluation. Especially based on the alternative theory of economics, a new balancing model between “rights” is formed： the “Balancing Formula（Bij）”. In the judgment of the result of the “Balancing Formula”, Bij≥1, the means do not meet the balance, and the proportional relationship of the “rights” in the “initial state” should not be changed; Bij＜1, the means meet the balance, and we should try our best to choose a smaller value. The “Balancing Formula” combined with specific system and refined analysis capabilities maintain a rigorous structure and strong operability, provides new ideas for more general practical applications. In terms of the relationship between “Balancing Formula” and cost benefit analysis, it is a kind of judgment of proportionality in narrow sense integrating cost benefit analysis. |
| Key words: Proportionality in Narrow Sense, Weight Formula, Balancing Formula, Quantitation, The Intensity of the Protection, Cost-Benefit Analysis |
