| 摘要: |
| 人类正在进入数据驱动的时代，数据成为社会的基础资源，但数据一直被认为处于公共领域并妨碍着数据权利化，困扰着数据资源利用秩序的建立。描述特定对象的数据并不是天然存在的，而是被生产出来的，并将数据价值（预测分析、发现新知）的实现过程界分为原始数据生产（采集）、数据集生产（汇集性处理）和数据分析（分析性处理）三种行为，并将前两个行为称为数据生产，提出数据生产理论。数据生产理论首先应区分数据生产和数据分析，原始数据的生产是建立在分析原材料提供者基础之上，应承认其价值并配置适当权利，以满足各种分析目的的数据集的生产。同时，数据生产还应区别数据来源，来源于个人的数据并不一定是个人生产的，只有个人在提供或创制了数据时才是数据的生产者。因此，数据生产理论是在将数据视为一种资源的情形下为数据上权利配置提供理论支撑，通过配置相应权利，构筑从原始数据生产者到数据集生产者，再到数据分析者的数据利用秩序。 |
| 关键词: 数据生产 个人数据 数据财产权 数据权利配置 |
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| The Theory of Data Production： a Fundamental Theory of the Right Allocation of Data Resource |
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Gao Fuping
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| Abstract: |
| With the coming of a data driven society, data has become the fundamental resource of society. However, data has always been considered to be in the public domain and hinder the data rights, which has puzzled the establishment of the order of data resource utilization. In this paper, it is argued that data, a digital record describing an object, is produced by a human being or by a machine other than is a natural existence. Data production （data collection）, dataset creation （data assembling process） and data analysis （including AI） constitute the three processes for the realization of the datas value. The first two behaviors are called data production, and the theory of data production is put forward. The data production theory differentiates data production from data analysis. It holds that the subject of raw data production is the raw material's analyst. Therefore, the value should to be recognized and appropriate rights should be allocated to them to meet the production of datasets for various analytical purposes. At the same time, data production is also different from the data's origin, which implies that when the data's origin relates to a person, it does not mean the person produces that data. A person is a data producer only when he or she provides or creates data. This theory aims to provide a legal foundation for the right allocation for data usage as a resource. The legal order of data usage is constructed through the right allocation between the raw data producer, the dataset creator and the data analyst. |
| Key words: Data Production, Personal Data, Property Right Related to Data, Right Allocation of Data Resource |
