| 摘要: |
| 依代理权范围抽象性原则，《民法典》第504条是关于违反代表权意定限制的规定，其在私法自治的框架下维护交易安全的立法思路，与旨在保护相对人合理信赖的表见代理截然不同。《民法典合同编通则司法解释》第20条第1款通过为《民法典》第504条附加相对人合理审查义务构成要件的方式，将其扩大适用于违反代表权法定限制的情形，抹杀了代表权意定限制与法定限制之间的区别，导致维护交易安全与保护法人利益之间的价值冲突。《民法典》第504条的适用应仅限于违反代表权意定限制的情形。对于违反代表权法定限制和伪称法定代表人者所为的无权代表行为，应类推适用《民法典》第171条。对于法定代表人不实登记的情形，应适用《民法典》第65条。 |
| 关键词: 表见代表 代理权范围抽象性 合理审查义务 代表权意定限制 代表权法定限制 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:中国政法大学科研创新项目、中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目“老年人和残疾人权益保护的成年法定代理制度研究”（项目编号： 23ZFY82001）和国家社会科学基金一般项目“协助决策模式下的成年法定代理研究”（项目编号： 24BFX055） |
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| On “Apparent Legal Representation” |
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Chi Ying
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| Abstract: |
| According to the principle of the abstract scope of the power of attorney, Article 504 of the Civil Code regulates the violations of consensual restriction on the power of legal representation. Its legislative approach of safeguarding transactional security under the framework of private autonomy is totally different from apparent agency, which aims to protect the reasonable trust of the counterparty. Paragraph 1 of the Article 20 of the Interpretation of the General Provisions of the Contracts Book of the Civil Code extends the application of Article 504 to cases involving statutory restrictions on the power of legal representation by incorporating the element of the counterparty‘s duty of reasonable review. This writes off the distinction between the consensual and statutory restriction on the power of legal representation, resulting in a conflict between safeguarding transactional security and protecting legal person’s interests. The application of Article 504 should be limited to the consensual restriction on the power of legal representation. For unauthorized representations as the result of violating the statutory restrictions on the power of legal representation, and unauthorized representations conducted by non-legal representatives under false claim, Article 171 of the Civil Code should be applied by analogy. In case of false registration as legal representative, Article 65 of the Civil Code should apply. |
| Key words: Apparent Legal Representation, Principle of the Abstract Scope of the Power of Attorney, Duty of Reasonable Review, Statutory Restriction on the Power of Legal Representation, Consensual Restriction on the Power of Legal Representation |
