| 摘要: |
| 数字技术改变了通信方式，也催生了宪法通信权限制理论的创新探索。但既有研究大多沿用“通信检查/非检查”的二元划分，并以“加重法律保留”为理论工具，其局限性在于误读了《宪法》第40条的规范构造。该条款并非简单的二元框架，而是“一般保护”与“特别保护”的双层体系，其中处于“除……外”结构之中的通信检查，仅是特别宪法保护范畴内的一种法定例外，并非通信权限制的唯一形式。从宪法通信权条款的规范构造出发，该条款的限制类型呈现出由强到弱的三个层次： 第一，禁止型限制，因对通信权构成根本性剥夺而适用最严厉的特别宪法保护；第二，通信检查类限制，依其干预对象处于“传输中”或“非传输中”的不同状态，分别适用不同强度的审查标准，形成双阶规范构造；第三，非禁止型限制，通过动态解释机制应对数字时代新型干预措施的合宪性审查需求。这一类型化重构，为数字时代通信权的立法与审查提供了更为精细、融贯的教义学指引。 |
| 关键词: 宪法通信权 通信检查 基本权利限制 法律保留 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重点项目“通信立法的合宪性控制研究”（批准号： 24AFX004） |
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| The Typological Reconstruction of Reinterpretation on the Constitutional Right to Communication in the Digital Age |
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Tu Zhenyu
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| Abstract: |
| Digital technology has transformed the way we communicate and challenged traditional theories on the constitutional right to communication. Most existing studies continue to rely on the binary “inspection versus non inspection” framework, using “enhanced legal reservation” as their theoretical tool. Their limitation lies in misreading the normative structure of Article 40 of the Constitution—it is not a simple binary framework but a dual-layer system of “general protection” and “special protection”. Within this system, communication inspection, positioned under the “except...” clause, is merely a statutory exception under special protection, not the sole form of restriction on the right to communication. Starting from the normative structure of the constitutional provision on the right to communication, three levels of restrictions emerge in descending order of intensity: first, prohibitive restrictions, which, due to their fundamental deprivation of the right to communication, are subject to the most stringent special constitutional protection; second, communication inspection-based restrictions, which form a two-tier normative structure, applying different standards of review depending on whether the object of intervention is “in transit” or “not in transit”; third, non-prohibitive restrictions, which address the constitutional review of new forms of intervention in the digital age through a dynamic interpretive mechanism. This typological reconstruction provides a more refined and coherent doctrinal framework for legislation and constitutional review concerning the right to communication in the digital era. |
| Key words: Constitutional Right to Communication, Communication Inspection, Restrictions on Fundamental Rights, Legal Reservation |
