| 摘要: |
| 《生态环境法典》的审议通过对环境法研究提出全新的要求，需要立足于法典条文对环境法基本原则体系进行系统梳理和解释论分析。法典总则编第6条和分则各编中的原则类条款共同形成了相互关联的体系，但需要注意到政策原则和法律原则的区别，应立足于法律原则内在功能来进行规范辨析和识别，并将环境法基本原则进一步区分为原生性原则和次生性原则，有助于环境法基础理论的发展以及生态环境法典的贯彻落实。预防为主、系统治理、公众参与具有法律原则的属性，是直接依据法律规定得以确立的环境法基本原则，属于原生性原则；“绿色发展”不宜单独作为环境法基本原则，需要与具有价值一致性的“生态优先”原则共同构成环境法基本原则，该原则最为集中地体现环境法的基本精神、基本理念、基本价值，为处理高水平保护和高质量发展的关系提供了基础准则，具有不同层面的规范构造；“损害担责”不具有法律原则的属性，规范内涵上具有局限性，不能完全涵盖《生态环境法典》中法律责任的内容，应立足于环境责任公平分配的价值导向进一步提炼，确立“原因者负担”作为环境法的基本原则，属于次生性原则。由此形成五项环境法基本原则： 生态优先和绿色发展原则、预防为主原则、系统治理原则、公众参与原则、原因者负担原则。这五项原则是对《生态环境法典》中基本原则条文的规范提炼与表达，包括原生性原则和次生性原则两大类，形成了内在一致、贯穿始终的生态环境保护法律原则体系。 |
| 关键词: 生态环境法典 环境法基本原则 法体系 生态优先 绿色发展 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大课题“新时代生态文明建设的法学理论创新与环境法体系化研究”(项目编号:22JJD820200) |
|
| The Normative Expression and Systematic Construction of the Basic Principles of the Ecological and Environmental Code |
|
Chen Haisong
|
|
|
| Abstract: |
| The review and approval of the Ecological and Environmental Code has put forward new requirements for the study of environmental law, which requires a systematic sorting and interpretation analysis of the basic principles of environmental law based on the provisions of the code. The principle based clauses in Article 6 of the General Provisions and the specific provisions of the Code form an interrelated system, but there are differences between policy principles and legal principles. Therefore, normative analysis and identification should be based on the inherent functions of legal principles. Prevention first, systematic governance, and public participation have the attributes of legal principles, which are the basic principles of environmental law established directly based on legal provisions and belong to the principle of originality; “green development” should not be used alone as a basic principle of environmental law. It needs to be combined with the principle of “ecological priority” that has value consistency to form the basic principle of environmental law. This principle most concentratedly embodies the basic spirit, concept, and value of environmental law, providing basic guidelines for dealing with the relationship between high-level protection and high-quality development, and has different levels of normative construction; the concept of “liability for damages” does not possess the attributes of a legal principle and has limitations in its normative content. It cannot fully cover the content of legal liability in the Ecological and Environmental Code. It should be further refined based on the value orientation of fair distribution of environmental liability, and establish “the burden of the cause” as the basic principle of environmental law, which belongs to the principle of secondary nature. As a result, five basic principles of environmental law have been formed: ecological priority and green development principle, prevention as the main principle, system governance principle, public participation principle, and the burden of the cause principle. These principles are a normative refinement and expression of the basic principles and provisions in the Ecological and Environmental Code, including the primary principle and the secondary principle, forming an internally consistent and consistent legal principle system for ecological environment protection. |
| Key words: Ecological and Environmental Code,Basic Principles of Environmental Law,Legal System, Ecological Priority,Green Development |
