| 摘要: |
| 在世界上没有成功先例的背景下颁布实施《生态环境法典》，使只有五十年历史的、用于调整其复杂程度不亚于行政管理事务的环境保护事务的环保法实现法典化，是我国伟大的立法创举。在设置主管部门专门规定、设置“法律责任”专门编章等方面，我国《生态环境法典》和其他单行环保法都与部门行政法相像，与被行政法学者列入部门行政法的“环境法”无明显区别。采用“行为模式+行政处罚”法律规范结构形式的“部门行政法”以“惩恶”为实现立法目的的基本手段，而环保法实现防治环境损害目的的基本手段不是行政处罚，而是自然保护区、环保许可、环保调查等环保手段。以此为根据，环保法典更适宜采用“总则”加“环保事务法”和“环保手段法”的三编结构。 |
| 关键词: 生态环境法典 部门行政法 环保手段 环境保护 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| A Beneficial Attempt of the Ecological and Environmental Code—A Reference Based on Departmental Administrative Law |
|
Xu Xiangmin & Zhang Huiying
|
|
|
| Abstract: |
| The enactment and implementation of the Ecological and Environmental Code, against the backdrop of the absence of any successful precedent in the world, makes the codification of environmental protection laws, which are only fifty years of history and govern matters no less complex than administrative affairs, a great legislative innovation. In terms of establishing specific provisions for competent authorities and including a dedicated chapter on “legal liability”, the Ecological and Environmental Code, like other “single item environmental laws”, resembles “departmental administrative laws”, showing no significant difference from “environmental laws”, which are often categorized as “departmental administrative laws” by administrative law scholars. Departmental administrative laws, employing a “behavioral model + administrative penalty” legal normative structure, use “punishment” as the primary means to achieve their legislative objectives. However, the basic means for environmental protection law to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling environmental damage is not “administrative penalties”, but rather “environmental protection measures” such as nature reserves, environmental permits, and environmental surveys. Based on this, an environmental protection code would be more suitable to adopt a three-part structure consisting of “General Provisions”, “Laws on Environmental Affairs”, and “Laws on Environmental Protection Measures”. |
| Key words: Ecological and Environmental Code, Departmental Administrative Law, Environmental Protection Measures, Environmental Protection |
