| 摘要: |
| 抢夺、藏匿未成年子女行为妨害未成年子女、父母另一方的人格权和身份权。作为权利主体，他们均享有人格权请求权和身份权请求权，可依照《反家庭暴力法》或《民法典》向人民法院提出人身安全保护令、人格权侵害禁令申请。人民法院向行为人发出“两令”的目的在于及时有效保护人格权，恢复权利主体对人格权的圆满自我控制状态。运用参照适用方法，将“两令”适用于抢夺、藏匿行为侵害的血亲交往权、父母照顾权这两项亲属身份权的保护，是《婚姻家庭编解释（二）》第12条第1款对《民法典》第997条、第1001条的贯彻。“两令”同为法律确立的行为禁令，在性质、功能、适用条件等方面具有高度一致性；但二者在适用范围、保护对象及所对应的侵害方式上，存在一定差异。法官应当从抢夺、藏匿行为的主体和内容两方面，结合具体法律规定，作出选择适用。为防止以保护未成年人之名行抢夺、藏匿之实，督促行为人通过合法途径解决未成年子女抚养争议，《婚姻家庭编解释（二）》第12条第2款确立抢夺、藏匿行为违法阻却事由的严格认定条件，同时明确法院负有告知行为人以合法途径解决抚养争议的义务。 |
| 关键词: 人格权请求权 身份权请求权 人身安全保护令 人格权侵害禁令 最有利于未成年子女原则 |
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| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重点项目“我国婚姻家庭法自主知识体系建构研究”（项目编号： 24AFX010） |
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| Legal Characterization and Judicial Intervention in the Snatching and Concealment of Minor Children—A Discussion Based on Article 12 of the Interpretation （Ⅱ） of the Marriage and Family Book of the Civil Code |
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Xue Ninglan
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| Abstract: |
| The acts of abducting and concealing minor children infringe upon the personality rights and status rights of both the minor children and the other parent. As rights holders, they are entitled to claim personality rights and status rights, and may apply to the People's Court for a personal safety protection order or an injunction against infringement of personality rights under the Anti-Domestic Violence Law or the Civil Code. The purpose of the People's Court issuing both orders to the perpetrator is to provide timely and effective protection of personality rights and restore the rights holder's full self-control over their personality rights. Applying both orders by analogy to protect the two familial status rights—the right to blood-related interaction and the parental right of care — violated by abduction and concealment acts constitutes the implementation of Article 12(1) of the Interpretation (Ⅱ) of the Marriage and Family Book of the Civil Code regarding Articles 997 and 1001 of the Civil Code. Both orders are legally established prohibitions sharing high consistency in nature, function, and applicability conditions. They also exhibit certain differences in scope, protected interests, and modes of infringement. Judges should select the applicable order based on the subject and content of the abduction or concealment act, in conjunction with specific legal provisions. To prevent the abuse of child protection claims to justify abduction or concealment, and to encourage parties to resolve custody disputes through lawful channels, Article 12(2) of the Interpretation (Ⅱ) of the Marriage and Family Book of the Civil Code establishes strict criteria for recognizing legal defenses against abduction or concealment. It further clarifies the court's duty to inform parties of lawful avenues for resolving custody disputes. |
| Key words: Personality Rights Claim, Status Rights Claim, Personal Safety Protection Order, Personality Rights Infringement Injunction, Principle of the Best Interests of the Child |
