| 摘要: |
| 刑事证人在线出庭作证已然成为现实，其与线下出庭作证、书面证言作证和视听资料作证等现有方式是何关系，以及如何规范适用是亟须回答的问题。结构功能主义在关注整体功能的同时，也强调内部子系统的协调和整合，可作为理论指导。根据《人民法院在线诉讼规则》第1条第2款之规定，在线出庭作证与线下出庭作证的功能等值论得到广泛认同。但是，基于直接言词原则与质证权保障的双重标准，可发现在线出庭作证下证言信息的原始性被破坏，证言信息的完整性被限缩，信息交互的充分性被弱化，功能不等值才是现实。相比书面证言作证、视听资料作证，在线出庭作证表现出功能最接近的特征，在证人作证体系中属于次优定位。在适用情形方面，证人客观无法出庭系正当理由型，此外还包括当事人同意型和消极事由型。在默顿优化后的结构功能主义分析下，在线出庭作证具有作证隔离失效、作证秩序失控的显性负功能和实体正义威胁、程序正义威胁的潜性负功能。为此，需要从作证程序、技术赋能、权利义务三方面进行制度调适，以实现次优定位的规范适用。 |
| 关键词: 结构功能主义 刑事证人 在线出庭作证 次优定位 负功能 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:教育部哲学社会科学重大专项“社会主义法治建设实践与中国自主法学知识体系建构研究”（项目编号： 2023JZDZ012） |
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| The Suboptimal Positioning and Application of Online Testimony by Criminal Witnesses: A Structural Functionalist Perspective |
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Hong Tao
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| Abstract: |
| With the growing use of online criminal-witness testimony, urgent questions arise about its relationship to traditional methods like offline, written, and audio-visual testimony, and how to regulate and apply it. Structural functionalism, emphasizing overall functioning and subsystem coordination, offers theoretical guidance. Per Article 1(2) of the Online Procedural Rules, functional equivalence between online and offline testimony is widely acknowledged. Yet, under the dual standards of direct testimony and confrontation rights, online testimony undermines testimonial originality, limits information integrity, weakens interaction adequacy, revealing actual functional inequality. Compared to written or video testimony, online court testimony exhibits the closest functional traits, positioning it as suboptimal in the witness testimony system. For applicability, objective inability to appear in court due to valid reasons should include party consent and negative factors. Drawing on Merton's structural functionalism, online testimony shows manifest dysfunctions like failed testimony isolation and uncontrolled sequencing, plus latent ones threatening substantive and procedural justice. Thus, adjustments in testimony procedures, technical empowerment, and rights/obligations are needed to achieve suboptimal application. |
| Key words: Structural Functionalism, Criminal-witnesses, Online Testimony, Suboptimal Positioning, Negative Function |
