| 摘要: |
| “违反国家有关规定”是构成侵犯公民个人信息罪的前置要件。虽然司法解释已经对其范围进行框定，但理论上的争议未曾止息。应当区分“国家有关规定”和“国家规定”。“违反国家有关规定”具有入罪和出罪的双重功能，入罪的前置依据应限定为法律和行政法规，出罪的正当化依据可以来源于部门规章。侵犯公民个人信息罪的本体法益是自然人的人格权，这就决定该罪本应是自然犯，但立法者通过设置“违反国家有关规定”的空白罪状使之具有法定犯气质，应将该罪性质界定为“自然犯的法定犯化”。如此会产生两大效应： 一是揭露该罪的双层法益面貌，阻挡层是秩序性集体法益，背后层是自然人的人格权，只有当集体法益能还原为个人法益时，侵犯公民个人信息罪才有适用的必要性；二是凸显该罪的双重违法性，司法者需要将前置法中的新型规则嵌入刑法的适用流程。 |
| 关键词: 违反国家有关规定 侵犯公民个人信息罪 人格权 自然犯的法定犯化 |
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| 基金项目:上海市哲学社会科学规划课题青年项目“数字时代个人信息权益的全生命周期刑法保护研究”（项目编号： 2023EFX010） |
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| The Transformation of Natural Crime into Statutory Crime： The Impact of “Violating Relevant State Regulations” on the Crime of Infringing upon Citizens Personal Information |
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Tong Yunfeng
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| Abstract: |
| Violating the relevant provisions of the state” constitutes the prerequisite element for the crime of infringing upon citizens' personal information. Although judicial interpretations have defined its scope, theoretical disputes persist. It is essential to distinguish between “state relevant regulations” and “state provisions”. The phrase “violating relevant state regulations” serves dual functions： the pre-charge basis of criminalizing should be limited to laws and administrative regulations, and the justification for exonerating can come from departmental regulations. The ontological legal interest protected by this crime is the personality rights of natural persons, which would make it originally a natural crime. However, legislators have established this offense through the blank provision of “violation of national regulations”, transforming it into a statutory offense, the crime of infringing upon citizens' personal information reflects “the transformation of natural crime into statutory crime”. This judgment creates two key effects： First, it exposes the dual layered legal interests of the crime—where the barrier layer represents collective legal interests, while the back layer represents individual personality rights. The crime only becomes applicable when collective interests can be restored to individual legal interests. Second, it highlights the dual illegality of the crime, requiring judicial authorities to integrate new rules from pre-law into criminal procedure practices. |
| Key words: Violation of National Regulations, Crime of Infringing upon Citizens' Personal Information, Personality Rights, the Transformation of Natural Crime into Statutory Crime |
