| 摘要: |
| 《民法典婚姻家庭编解释二》第2条对虚假离婚行为的效力予以规定，在此基础上尚需对虚假身份行为的效力规则予以进一步提炼。虚假身份行为的本质在于欠缺建立或解消身份上共同生活事实的实质意思，其效力应在厘清此类行为是否存在虚假意思表示，是否违反公序良俗等基本理论问题的基础上予以认定。虽然《民法典》婚姻家庭编对于虚假身份行为的效力未设明文，但基于身份行为所具有的民事法律行为属性，有适用总则编相关规定的余地。而虚假之创设性身份行为与虚假之解消性身份行为应予区别对待。虚假之创设性身份行为因欠缺实质意思而存在虚假意思表示，并且因有违婚姻和收养的本质而具有背俗性，应依《民法典》第146条和第153条第2款认定无效；虚假之解消性身份行为中的效果意思则不因实质意思的欠缺而具有虚假性，其行为本身也不具有背俗性，故不因所谓的“虚假”而无效。在法律后果方面，虚假之创设性身份行为无效的后果与其他婚姻无效情形相比，在财产权属及对善意第三人的效力方面具有一定的特殊性；而虚假之解消性身份行为的有效并不妨碍将通谋虚伪之离婚财产处理协议和子女抚养协议评价为无效。 |
| 关键词: 民法典 虚假身份行为 实质意思 虚假意思表示 公序良俗 |
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| On Interpreting of the Validity of Sham Family Status Action from the Perspective of the Civil Code |
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Tian Shaohua
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| Abstract: |
| Article 2 of the Interpretation II of the Marriage and Family Section of the Civil Code stipulates the validity of false divorce, and on this basis, it is necessary to further refine the rules on the validity of false identity acts. The essence of sham family status action lies in the lack of substantive intention to establish or dissolve the fact of shared life. Its validity should be determined on the basis of clarifying theoretical issues such as whether such acts are false expressions of intention and whether they violate public order and good customs. For the legal application of the determination of the validity of sham family status action, although there is no explicit provision in the marriage and family series of the Civil Code, there is room for applying the relevant provisions of the general series based on the civil legal act attribute of family status action. The sham creative family status action and the sham dissolved family status action should be treated differently. The sham creative family status action has a false declaration of will because it lacks the substantive intention, and is contrary to the nature of marriage and adoption. It shall be deemed invalid in accordance with Article 146 and Paragraph 2 of Article 153 of the Civil Code, and the provisions of the Marriage and Family Part of the Civil Code for the cause of the invalid of marriage are not closed. The sham dissolved family status action does not have a false declaration of will, and its behavior itself is not contrary to public policy. It is not invalid because of the so called falsehood. Compared with other invalid acts, the consequences of the invalidity of the sham creative family status action have certain particularities in terms of property ownership and effectiveness against bona fide third parties. Although the sham dissolved family status action is valid, the conspire false divorce, property division agreement or child support agreement is invalid. |
| Key words: Civil Code, Sham Family Status Action, Substantive Intention, False Declaration of Will, Public Order and Good Morals |
